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On 1/8/11, ЀVÏ£ JÍÑ <waqass.da1@gmail.com> wrote:
> PAK301 ASSIGN 2 IDEA SOL BY FASCO BUK
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> Constitution of 1956
>
> The Constitution of 1956 was a lengthy document. It consisted of 234
> articles divided into thirteen parts and six schedules. Some salient
> features of the constitution are as under:
>
> 1. Islamic Republic of Pakistan
> The name of the country was adopted as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The
> Objectives Resolution was included as Preamble in the constitution.
>
> 2. Federal System
> The constitution provide for a federal system in the country. The powers
> were divided among the centre and the provinces. The subjects were divided
> into three lists; the Federal List, the Provincial list, and the concurrent
> list.
>
> 3. Unicameral Legislature
> The Legislature was to consist of only one house. Both the wings of the
> country were given representation in the National Assembly. The National
> Assembly consisted of 300 members. 150 members were drawn from each wing.
> Thus the principle of parity was adopted.
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> 4. Parliamentary System
> Parliamentary system was adopted. According to it President was the Head of
> the State and the Prime MInister headed the government.
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> 5. Independent Judiciary
> The constitution provided for an independent judiciary in the country. A
> Supreme Court was constituted. It was headed by a Chief Justice. The Supreme
> Court, interpreted the constitution, advised the state whenever required and
> decided the issues arising among the governments.
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> 6. The President
> According to the 1956 Constitution the President was the head of the state.
> He was to be a Muslim of at least forty years ago. The tenure of his office
> was five years. In case of internal or external danger he could declare
> state of emergency in the country. He was authorized to appoint the
> Governors, the Judges of the Supreme Court, Auditor General and the Advocate
> General.
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> 7. The Prime Minister
> The Prime Minister was the head of the government. He was the leader of the
> Parliamentary ***** and was thus indirectly elected by the people. He was
> authorized to nominate his cabinet among the members of the National
> Assembly. The Cabinet was answerable to the Assembly.
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> 8. Fundamental Rights
> The Constitution of 1956 provided for the fundamental rights for the
> citizens of Pakistan.
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> 9. Islamic Law
> No law would be passed against the teachings of Quran and Sunnah and the
> existing laws would be made Islamic in character.
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> 10. Language
> Urdu and Bengali were made national languages.
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> Drawbacks of the Constition of 1956
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> 1. A far-reaching devolution of power already a political reality, was not
> given a constitutional recognition and accepted as the basis, of the stale,
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> 2. The federal list was substantially reduced and the provincial list
> greatly enlarged, transferring to the provinces among other subjects,
> control over mineral resources, recruitment of services, industries,
> internal communications and the tribal areas in the North-West Frontier.
> This was contrary to the practice of advanced countries where the federal
> principle has been used in building up a common nationhood through a strong
> Centre. The constitution in Pakistan instead of being an instrument for
> unity a country already divided by geography, sought to create two distinct
> political entities with maximum autonomy in the management of their affairs.
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> 3. Regional loyalties were further consolidated by the introduction of
> parity of representation in the National Assembly. The Constitution was
> conceived in the belief that the political life of the country would always
> be tied to provincial moorings and will never rise to a higher plane of
> nationalism in which party affiliations would cut across the physical
> barriers. Parity was certain to foster parochial feeling equally in the
> region in whose favor it was to operate and in the region whose interests
> were adversely affected by it.
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> ********~****** WS **********~******
> ******~**** **Devil Jin** ****~*****
> ***** Bscs 4th Semester ******
>
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